There are various ways in which Dictionaries can be merged by the use of various functions and constructors in Python. In this article, we will discuss few ways of merging dictionaries.

1. Using the method update()
   By using the method update() in Python, one list can be merged into another. But in this, the second list is merged into the first list and no new list is created. It returns None.
   Example:

   # Python code to merge dict using update() method def Merge(dict1, dict2):     return(dict2.update(dict1))       # Driver code dict1 = {'a': 10, 'b': 8} dict2 = {'d': 6, 'c': 4}   # This return None print(Merge(dict1, dict2))   # changes made in dict2 print(dict2)

   Output:

   None
   {'c': 4, 'a': 10, 'b': 8, 'd': 6}
   

2. Using ** in Python
   This is generally considered a trick in Python where a single expression is used to merge two dictionaries and stored in a third dictionary. The single expression is **. This does not affect the other two dictionaries. ** implies that the argument is a dictionary. Using ** [double star] is a shortcut that allows you to pass multiple arguments to a function directly using a dictionary. For more information refer **kwargs in Python. Using this we first pass all the elements of the first dictionary into the third one and then pass the second dictionary into the third. This will replace the duplicate keys of the first dictionary.
   Example:

   # Python code to merge dict using a single  # expression def Merge(dict1, dict2):     res = {**dict1, **dict2}     return res       # Driver code dict1 = {'a': 10, 'b': 8} dict2 = {'d': 6, 'c': 4} dict3 = Merge(dict1, dict2) print(dict3)

   Output:

   {'b': 8, 'a': 10, 'c': 4, 'd': 6}