The Location object represents the current location (URL) of a document. You can access the Location object by referencing the location property of the window or document object.

Both window.location and document.location link to the same Location object.

JavaScript Location properties

Suppose that the current URL is:

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

The following picture illustrates the properties of the Location object:

Location.href

The location.href is a string that contains the entire URL.

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.protocol

The location.protocol represents the protocol scheme of the URL including the final colon (:).

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Location.host

The location.host represents the hostname:

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.port

The location.port represents the port number of the URL.

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.pathname

The location.pathname contains an initial '/' followed by the path of the URL.

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.search

The location.search is a string that represents the query string of the URL:

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.hash

The location.hash returns a string that contains a ‘#’ followed by the fragment identifier of the URL.

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.origin

The location.origin is a string that contains the canonical form of the origin of the specific location.

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Location.username

The location.username is a string that contains the username before the domain name.

Location.password

THe location.password is a string that represents the password specified before the domain name.

Manipulating the location

The Location object has a number of useful methods: assign(), reload(), and replace().

 assign()

The assign() method accepts an URL, navigate to the URL immediately, and make an entry in the browser’s history stack.

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

When the window.location or location.href is set to a URL, the assign() method is called implicitly:

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

If you change hostname, pathname, or port property, the page reloads with the new value. Note that changing hash property doesn’t reload the page but does record a new entry in the browser’s history stack.

When a new entry is created in the browser’s history stack, you can click the back button of the browser to navigate to the previous page.

replace()

The replace() method is similar to the assign() method except it doesn’t create a new entry in the browser’s history stack. Therefore, you cannot click the back button to go to the previous page.

The following code uses the replace() method to navigate to the URL https://python-tutorials.in/ after 3 seconds:

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

reload()

The reload() method reloads the currently displayed page. When you call the reload() method with no argument, the browser will reload the page in the most efficient way e.g., it loads the page resources from the browser’s cache if they haven’t changed since the last request.

To force a reload from the server, you pass true to the reload() method:

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Note that the code after the reload() may or may not execute, depending on many factors like network latency and system resources. Therefore, it is a good practice to place the reload()  as the last line in the code.

Summary

• The Location object represents the current URL of a page. It can be accessed via window.location or document.location.
• The Location object has a number of properties that represent the URL such as protocol, host, pathname, and search.
• To manipulate the location, you set its properties new values or use assign(), replace(), and reload() methods.